Teaching Kids Programming – Convert Romans to Integers

Teaching Kids Programming: Videos on Data Structures and Algorithms

Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D and M.

Symbol       Value
I             1
V             5
X             10
L             50
C             100
D             500
M             1000

For example, 2 is written as II in Roman numeral, just two one’s added together. 12 is written as XII, which is simply X + II. The number 27 is written as XXVII, which is XX + V + II.

Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII. Instead, the number four is written as IV. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX. There are six instances where subtraction is used:

I can be placed before V (5) and X (10) to make 4 and 9.
X can be placed before L (50) and C (100) to make 40 and 90.
C can be placed before D (500) and M (1000) to make 400 and 900.

Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer.

Example 1:
Input: s = “III”
Output: 3
Example 2:

Input: s = “IV”
Output: 4
Example 3:

Input: s = “IX”
Output: 9

Example 4:
Input: s = “LVIII”
Output: 58
Explanation: L = 50, V= 5, III = 3.

Example 5:
Input: s = “MCMXCIV”
Output: 1994
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.

Constraints:
1 <= s.length <= 15
s contains only the characters (‘I’, ‘V’, ‘X’, ‘L’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘M’).
It is guaranteed that s is a valid roman numeral in the range [1, 3999].

Python Program to Convert Romans to Integers

If current roman value is less than the next roman character, we need to deduct the value, otherwise, we add it. For example, “IV” is -I+V=4 and “VI” is V+I=6

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class Solution:
    def romanToInt(self, s: str) -> int:
        data = {
            "I": 1,
            "V": 5,
            "X": 10,
            "L": 50,
            "C": 100,
            "D": 500,
            "M": 1000,
        }
        ans = 0
        n = len(s)
        for i in range(n - 1):
            if data[s[i]] < data[s[i + 1]]:
                ans -= data[s[i]]
            else:
                ans += data[s[i]]
        return ans + data[s[-1]]

class Solution:
    def romanToInt(self, s: str) -> int:
        data = {
            "I": 1,
            "V": 5,
            "X": 10,
            "L": 50,
            "C": 100,
            "D": 500,
            "M": 1000,
        }
        ans = 0
        n = len(s)
        for i in range(n - 1):
            if data[s[i]] < data[s[i + 1]]:
                ans -= data[s[i]]
            else:
                ans += data[s[i]]
        return ans + data[s[-1]]

Time complexity is O(N) where N is the number of the roman string. The space complexity is O(1) as the mapping size is known.

–EOF (The Ultimate Computing & Technology Blog) —